![]() ![]() Despite the name change, the deficits in cognitive capacity beginning in the developmental period, with the accompanying diagnostic criteria, are considered to constitute a mental disorder. Moreover, a federal statue in the United States (Public Law 111-256, Rosas Law) replaces the term mental retardation with intellectual disability. Why was the terminology of mental retardation changed? “Intellectual disability is the term that has come into common use over the past two decades among medical, educational, and other professionals, and by the lay public and advocacy groups. Severity is determined by adaptive functioning rather than IQ score.” Hello “intellectual disability.”Īccording to the APA, “diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) emphasize the need for an assessment of both cognitive capacity (IQ) and adaptive functioning. ![]() This diagnosis looks a lot like Asperger’s Syndrome to most professionals.Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)īye bye “mental retardation,” a now politically-incorrect term out of vogue for over a decade. The DSM-5 includes a new diagnostic category of Social Communication Disorder that describes children with social difficulty and pragmatic language differences that impact comprehension, production and awareness in conversation that is not caused by delayed cognition or other language delays. It is based on the level of support required for those symptoms and reflects the impact of co-occurring specifier such as intellectual disabilities, language impairment, medical diagnoses and other behavioral health diagnoses. Symptom severity for each of the two areas of diagnostic criteria is now defined. Symptoms need to be functionally impairing and not better described by another DSM-5 diagnosis. Symptoms must be present in early childhood but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed capacities. DSM-5 has also added a category under restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest or activities called hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.The diagnosis will be based on symptoms, currently or by history, in these two areas. The new diagnostic criteria for ASD have been rearranged into two areas: 1) social communication/interaction, and 2) restricted and repetitive behaviors. Most professionals are still referring to Asperger’s Syndrome in describing the disability because the term is widely used and understood in the general public. It has been replaced with the term ASD level 1 without language or intellectual impairment. Another huge difference is that Asperger’s Syndrome has been removed from the DSM-5. ![]() The APA has gotten rid of the sub-categories Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Rett’s Syndrome and Childhood disintegrative disorder and replaced it with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Here are the major changes from DSM 4 to DSM 5 in the area of autism: It is a tool for clinicians, an essential educational resource for students and practitioners, and a reference for researchers in the field.” DSM is intended to serve as a practical, functional, and flexible guide for organizing information that can aid in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
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